Recognition of the Holodomor genocide

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

On 9 December 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Soviet Ukraine signed the document in 1949 and ratified it in 1954.

At the international level

2007 year

  • The Baltic Assembly

    24 November 2007

    The Baltic Assembly … expresses its deepest sympathy to the victims of genocide and political repression, as well as to the entire Ukrainian people, who have endured this suffering.

    Statement

    dated 24 November 2007

2022 year

  • European Parliament

    15 December 2022

    Members of the European Parliament strongly condemn these actions, which led to the deaths of millions of Ukrainians, and call on all countries and organisations that have not yet done so to follow their example and recognise it as genocide.

    European Parliament resolution

    dated 15 December 2022

2023 year

At national level

1993 year

  • Estonia

    20 October 1993

    In condemning the Communist policy of genocide in Ukraine, … the Estonian people stand in solidarity with the Ukrainian people and, together with them, remember the terrible sacrifices of the genocides of 1932 and 1933.

    Statement by the Riigikogu (Parliament)

    dated 20 October 1993
  • Australia

    28 November 1993

    The man-made famine in Ukraine was caused by the deliberate actions of Stalin’s communist regime in the USSR … according to estimates, 7 million Ukrainians died of starvation as a result of Stalin’s policies in 1932–33. … This event became one of the most horrific manifestations of genocide in history.

    Senate Resolution

    dated 28 October 1993 and 31 October 2003

2003 year

  • Canada

    20 June 2003

    We call for the recognition of the Ukrainian Famine/Genocide of 1932–33 and for the condemnation of any attempts to deny or distort this historical truth, which was nothing less than genocide.

    Senate Resolution

    dated 20 June 2003
  • Hungary

    26 November 2003

    The National Assembly, deeply shocked, pays tribute to the memory of this terrible tragedy for humanity and to the victims of the genocide in Ukraine. The National Assembly expresses the solidarity and sympathy of the Hungarian people with the families and loved ones of the nearly 7 million victims, including 3 million children.

    Resolution of the State Assembly

    dated 26 November 2003

2004 year

  • The Vatican

    2 April 2004

    Attempts to exterminate an entire national, ethnic, religious or linguistic group constitute crimes against God and against humanity itself, and those responsible for these crimes must be held to account before a court of law. The twentieth century left a tragic legacy of various genocides: from that perpetrated against the Armenians to that perpetrated against the Ukrainians, from that perpetrated against the Cambodians to those perpetrated in Africa and the Balkans. Among these, the Holocaust of the Jewish people stands out.

    Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church

    dated 2 April 2004

2005 year

  • Lithuania

    24 November 2005

    The Sejm recognises that, in 1932–1933, Stalin’s Communist regime carried out a deliberate, meticulously planned genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Statement by the Sejm

    dated 24 November 2005
  • Georgia

    20 December 2005

    The Georgian Parliament recognises that a deliberate genocide against the Ukrainian people was carried out by the totalitarian Bolshevik regime in 1932–1933, and expresses its grief and sympathy for the loss of life.

    Parliamentary document

    dated 20 December 2005

2006 year

  • Poland

    16 March 2006

    The Senate of the Republic of Poland stands in solidarity with Ukraine’s position on the need to recognise the Great Famine of 1932–1933 as an act of genocide.

    Senate Resolution and Act of the Sejm

    dated 16 March 2006 and 4 December 2006

2007 year

  • Peru

    19 June 2007

    To express our solidarity with the Ukrainian people on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the tragic Holodomor of 1932–1933, recognising this event as an act of genocide.

    Congressional Resolution

    dated 19 June 2007
  • Paraguay

    25 October 2007

    To condemn the 1932–1933 Holodomor in Ukraine as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people and to express solidarity with its victims.

    Senate Declaration

    dated 25 October 2007
  • Ecuador

    30 October 2007

    To express solidarity with the Ukrainian people as they mark the 75th anniversary of the Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932–1933, recognising this tragedy as an act of genocide.

    Resolution of the National Congress

    dated 30 October 2007
  • Colombia

    21 December 2007

    The House of Representatives resolves to condemn the genocide of which 7 million children, women, men and elderly people in Ukraine fell victim in 1932–1933.

    Resolution of the House of Representatives of the United States Congress

    dated 21 December 2007

2008 year

  • Mexico

    19 February 2008

    The Chamber of Deputies expresses its solidarity with the people of Ukraine on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Holodomor of 1932–1933, recognising this tragic event as an act of genocide, and calls for such events to be prevented in the future.

    Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies of the National Congress

    dated 19 February 2008
  • Latvia

    13 March 2008

    The Sejm recognises that the famine in Ukraine in 1932–1933 was caused by the planned and implemented policies of the Stalinist regime, resulting in the deaths of one fifth of the Ukrainian population. It recognises the Holodomor as a deliberate act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Declaration of the Sejm

    dated 13 March 2008

2017 year

  • Portugal

    3 March 2017

    To express solidarity with the people of Ukraine and to recognise the Holodomor as genocide, which led to the deaths of around 7 million Ukrainians in 1932–1933 in Ukraine. To condemn all forms of totalitarianism and crimes against humanity.

    Resolution of the Assembly of the Republic (Parliament)

    dated 3 March 2017

2018 year

  • USA

    4 October 2018

    The Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin ordered Ukraine’s borders to be closed so that no one could escape the deliberately engineered famine. Almost a quarter of Ukraine’s rural population died or were forced to flee their homes as a result of the man-made famine.

    A bipartisan resolution of the US Senate

    dated 4 October 2018

2022 year

  • Czech Republic

    6 April 2022

    The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Czech Parliament have recognised the Holodomor of 1932–1933 as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Resolutions of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate

    dated 6 April 2022 and 14 December 2022
  • Brazil

    6 April 2022

    The Brazilian Federal Senate has recognised the 1932–1933 Holodomor in Ukraine as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Resolution of the Federal Senate

    dated 26 April 2022
  • Romania

    23 November 2022

    Declaration condemning the deliberate starvation (the Holodomor) in Ukraine, recognising it as a crime against the Ukrainian people and against humanity, dated 23 November 2022

    Declaration of Condemnation

    dated 23 November 2022
  • Ireland

    24 November 2022

    The Upper House of the Irish Parliament has recognised the 1932–1933 Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Decision of the Upper House of Parliament

    dated 24 November 2022
  • Moldova

    24 November 2022

    The Moldovan Parliament has recognised the Holodomor of 1932–1933 as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Declaration by the Moldovan Parliament

    dated 24 November 2022
  • FRG

    30 November 2022

    The whole of Ukraine suffered from famine and repression, not just its grain-producing regions. From today’s perspective, the historical and political classification of these events as genocide is clear. The German Bundestag shares this view.

    Bundestag resolution

    dated 30 November 2022
  • Austria

    15 December 2022

    The Austrian National Council adopted a resolution on 15 December 2022 in which it described the Holodomor in Ukraine as a‘horrificcrime’committed by theStalinistregime.

    resolution

    dated 15 December 2022
  • Chile

    21 December 2022

    The Chilean Chamber of Deputies has recognised the Holodomor as an act of genocide and a crime against human dignity.

    Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies

    dated 21 December 2022

2023 year

2024 year

At regional and local authority level

1988 year

  • USA

    19 April 1988

    Joseph Stalin and his entourage carried out a genocide against the Ukrainian people in 1932–1933.

    Conclusions of the Government Commission

    dated 19 April 1988

    Taking into account the fact that the final report of the US Government Commission on the Famine in Ukraine, established on 13 December 1985, concluded that the victims ‘were starved to death in an artificial famine’ and that ‘Joseph Stalin and his entourage committed genocide against the Ukrainians in 1932–1933’ …

    Resolution of the House of Representatives

    dated 21 October 2003

    The Government of Ukraine has been authorised to erect a memorial on federal land in the District of Columbia to honour the memory of the victims of the Ukrainian Holodomor genocide.

    Congressional Resolution

    dated 13 October 2006

    Given that between 7 and 10 million Ukrainians died in 1932 and 1933 at the behest of the Stalinist regime in the former Soviet Union, which planned and organised the famine in Ukraine with the aim of breaking the nation’s resistance to collectivisation and communist occupation; … the Soviet government deliberately confiscated grain harvests and starved millions of Ukrainian men, women and children through forced collectivisation, which was aimed at destroying the nationally conscious movement for independence; … Stalin ordered the closure of Ukraine’s borders in order to prevent people from fleeing the engineered famine and to hinder the provision of international aid; … The final report of the US Government Commission on the Famine in Ukraine … concluded that … ‘Stalin and his entourage committed genocide against the Ukrainians in 1932–1933’ …
    The House of Representatives commemorates the 75th anniversary of the 1932–1933 Holodomor in Ukraine and expresses its sincere condolences to the victims, the survivors and the families who witnessed this tragedy; … encourages the dissemination of information regarding the Ukrainian Holodomor with a view to raising awareness of this tragedy.

    Resolution of the House of Representatives

    dated 23 September 2008

    The Assembly of the US state of California has adopted a resolution commemorating the millions of victims of the 1932–1933 Holodomor in Ukraine. In its resolution, the California Assembly also designated 26 November 2016 as Holodomor Victims’ Remembrance Day.

    resolution

    dated 18 August 2016

    The California State Assembly, which recognised the Holodomor as an act of genocide and designated 24 November 2018 as the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Holodomor.

    Resolution No. 253

    dated 12 June 2018

    The Oregon State Senate adopted a resolution designating 25 November 2017 as the Day of Remembrance for the 1932–1933 Holodomor in Ukraine and condemning the man-made famine in Ukraine in 1932–1933.

    resolution

    2 March 2017

    The Washington State Senate adopted Resolution No. 8663 to honour the memory of the victims of the 1932–1933 Holodomor in Ukraine, in which it recognised the Holodomor as genocide against the Ukrainian nation.

    Resolution No. 8663

    dated 22 May 2017

    Pennsylvania State Senate Resolution No. 244, designating November as the month of remembrance for the victims of the Holodomor.
    …85 years ago, the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his totalitarian regime committed genocide by inflicting an artificial famine through the confiscation of land, grain and livestock from the Ukrainian people, resulting in the deaths of 10 million innocent men, women and children.

    Resolution No. 244

    dated 15 November 2017

    22 November 2017. A proclamation by the Governor of Wisconsin recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    November 2017. Michigan House of Representatives Resolution No. 201, which recognises the Holodomor as genocide and designates the fourth Saturday in November as Holodomor Victims’ Remembrance Day in the state.

    March 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of Massachusetts recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    3 April 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of the State of Missouri recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    May 2018. A resolution by the New York State Senate and Assembly recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    7 May 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of Kansas recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    19 May 2018. Proclamation by the Governor of Illinois recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    27 June 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of the State of Ohio recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    10 October 2018. Declaration by the Governor of Utah recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    12 October 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of the State of Minnesota recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    November 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of the State of Virginia recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    November 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of North Carolina recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    November 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of the State of Connecticut recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    19 November 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of Alabama recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    26 November 2018. A proclamation by the Governor of Rhode Island recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    23 January 2019. A proclamation by the Governor of Louisiana recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    23 May 2021. Texas House of Representatives Resolution No. 253 recognising the Holodomor as genocide.

    November 2023. Proclamation by the Governor of the State of Arizona.

    November 2023. Proclamation by the Governor of Maryland.

2003 year

  • The Basque Country (Spain)

    1 October 2003

    Non-legislative Proposal by Parliament

    since October 2007
  • The State of New South Wales (Australia)

    20 November 2003

    The man-made famine in Ukraine was caused by the deliberate actions of the Stalinist communist regime of the USSR … according to estimates, 7 million Ukrainians died of starvation as a result of Stalin’s policies in 1932–33. … This event became one of the most horrific manifestations of genocide in history.

    Resolution of the Legislative Council

    dated 20 November 2003

2007 year

  • State of Paraná (Brazil)

    5 June 2007

    Resolution of the Legislative Assembly

    dated 5 June 2007
  • Catalonia (Spain)

    13 June 2007

    The Catalan Parliament condemns the genocide committed in Ukraine in 1932–1933 by Stalin’s totalitarian regime, known as the Holodomor.

    Institutional Declaration

    dated 13 June 2007

    Given Spain’s sensitivity – having been a victim of Franco’s dictatorship and repression for many years – to the restoration of historical memory, we express our solidarity with the Ukrainian people. The Federation has decided to condemn the genocide in Ukraine in 1932–1933 perpetrated by Stalin’s totalitarian regime, known as the Holodomor, which resulted in the deaths of more than 10 million people.

    Resolution of the Federation of Catalan Municipalities

    dated 9 December 2008
  • Espluges de Llobregat (Spain)

    18 July 2007

    To condemn the genocide in Ukraine in 1932–1933 perpetrated by Stalin’s totalitarian regime, known as the Holodomor, … which resulted in the deaths of more than 10 million people.

    City Council Resolution

    dated 18 July 2007
  • Misiones Province (Argentina)

    27 September 2007

    To express solidarity with the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Holodomor in Ukraine 1932–1933’, adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on 28 November 2006.
    To support Ukraine’s proposal to the UN General Assembly regarding the recognition of the Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Declaration of the House of Representatives

    dated 27 September 2007
  • The Province of Chaco (Argentina)

    2 October 2007

    … official endorsement of the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Holodomor in Ukraine 1932–1933’, adopted on 28 November 2006 by the Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) of Ukraine on the recommendation of President Viktor Yushchenko.

    Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies

    dated 2 October 2007
  • M. Berisso (Argentina)

    17 October 2007

    City Council Resolution

    dated 17 October 2007
  • Buenos Aires (Argentina)

    1 November 2007

    Declaration of the Parliament of the Capital District

    dated 1 November 2007
  • M. Apostle (Argentina)

    15 November 2007

    To express solidarity with the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Holodomor in Ukraine 1932–1933’, adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on 28 November 2006, which recognises the Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people.

    Declaration by the City Council

    dated 15 November 2007
  • Rome (Italy)

    19 November 2007

    The Municipality of Rome … instructs the mayor and the heads of the relevant municipal departments to promote multiculturalism in the city of Rome by disseminating information and preserving the memory of the numerous human tragedies — such as the Holodomor — which have afflicted various nations, as evidenced by the testimonies of immigrants here in Rome. It is therefore important to include in the programme … initiatives to commemorate the Holodomor and other genocides endured by other immigrant communities living in Rome.

    Municipal resolution

    dated 19 November 2007
  • Sicily (Italy)

    21 November 2007

    The 20th century was a scene of genocides, mass deportations and exterminations on ethnic, social, national and religious grounds, amongst others; among these events, we must remember one of the most brutal, which remained unknown for years — the Holodomor; … The Regional Assembly … instructs the President of the Region to appeal to the competent authorities to recognise the Holodomor as a genocide against the Ukrainian people;

    Resolution of the Regional Assembly

    dated 21 November 2007
  • The Province of Manitoba (Canada)

    22 November 2007

    To designate the fourth Saturday in November as a Day of Remembrance for the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide.

    Legislative Assembly Act

    dated 22 November 2007
  • The Balearic Islands (Spain)

    11 December 2007

    The Municipality of Rome … instructs the Mayor and the heads of the relevant municipal departments to: promote multiculturalism in Rome by disseminating information and preserving the memory of the many human tragedies — such as the Holodomor — which have afflicted various nations, as evidenced in Rome by the testimonies of immigrants. It is therefore important to include in the programme … initiatives to commemorate the Holodomor and other genocides suffered by other immigrant communities living in Rome.

    A non-legislative proposal by Parliament

    dated 11 December 2007

2008 year

  • The State of Victoria (Australia)

    27 February 2008

    Parliamentary resolution

    dated 27 February 2008
  • The Province of Saskatchewan (Canada)

    7 May 2008

    Legislative Assembly Act

    dated 7 May 2008
  • Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

    3 June 2008

    Resolution of the Municipal Council

    dated 3 June 2008
  • Curitiba (Brazil)

    11 June 2008

    Resolution of the Municipal Council

    dated 11 June 2008
  • Grandola (Portugal)

    14 June 2008

    Resolution of the Municipal Assembly

    dated 14 June 2008
  • Pruden-Tópolis (Brazil)

    16 June 2008

    Municipal Council Resolution

    dated 16 June 2008
  • Kikley (United Kingdom)

    4 September 2008

    City Council Resolution dated

    dated 4 September 2008
  • The Province of Alberta (Canada)

    30 October 2008

    To establish a Day of Remembrance for the Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) of 1932–1933 in Ukraine, to be observed on the fourth Saturday in November each year.

    Legislative Assembly Act

    dated 30 October 2008
  • Tarragona (Spain)

    15 December 2008

    To condemn the genocide committed in Ukraine in 1932–1933 by Stalin’s totalitarian regime, known as the Holodomor, which resulted in the deaths of more than 10 million people.

    City Council Resolution

    dated 15 December 2008
  • Edinburgh (United Kingdom)

    18 December 2008

    With a view to honouring the memory of the victims of the Holocaust and other genocides, it is proposed that the Rada draw attention to the events of the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–33 (known as the Holodomor). … There are various estimates of the number of people who died as a result of this famine, but even the most conservative of these suggest that the death toll runs into the millions. Furthermore, there is a well-founded view that the events of the Holodomor were the result of a deliberate policy pursued by Stalin’s regime.

    For reference: The draft resolution contained the words ‘The Holodomor may be considered an act of genocide’.

    Statement by the City Council

    dated 18 December 2008

2009 year

  • Abrantes (Portugal)

    20 February 2009

    …the genocide of 1932–33 in Ukraine, which resulted in the deaths of millions of Ukrainians, was intended to destroy entire social groups within the population who played a key role in the culture and survival of the Ukrainian nation.

    Resolution of the Municipal Assembly

    dated 18 December 2008
  • Braga (Portugal)

    20 February 2009

    Municipal Decision

    dated 14 July 2018
  • The Province of Ontario (Canada)

    9 April 2009

    … The Holodomor is the name given to the genocide by starvation that took place in Ukraine from 1932 to 1933. Almost 10 million Ukrainians fell victim to the man-made famine under Stalin’s regime, when, at the height of the famine, 25,000 people were dying every day.

    Legislative Assembly Act

    dated 9 April 2009

2010 year

  • Quebec (Canada)

    3 June 2010

    On 3 June 2010, members of the National Assembly of Quebec unanimously passed a bill recognising the Holodomor of 1932–1933 as genocide against the Ukrainian people and established a Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Holodomor.

    draft bill

    from 03.06.2010 year

2017 year

  • Maringa (Brazil)

    24 August 2017

    Resolution of the Municipal Council

    dated 24 August 2017

2018 year

  • Constantinople

    20 November 2018

    The surviving historical documents of the former Soviet Union are replete with information regarding the nationality of those who were repressed. The overwhelming majority of those killed, imprisoned or deported were Ukrainians – and, moreover, nationally conscious Ukrainians or landowners. … In the history of the world, throughout the entire existence of humankind, there has never been a tragedy in which more people from a single nation were killed in a single year of peace than were killed over several years of war. And whatever anyone may say, however much they may try to downplay the evil, this is a clear sign of genocide.

    Message from Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I

    from 20.11.2018 year
  • Derby (United Kingdom)

    21 November 2018

    …the forced famine of 1932–33, deliberately perpetrated by the Soviet Union against Ukraine, which led to the deaths of at least 7 million Ukrainians, approximately a third of whom were children

    Decision of the City Council

    dated 21 November 2018

2019 year

  • The Province of British Columbia (Canada)

    29 October 2019

    The Holodomor was an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people, carried out through a man-made famine perpetrated by the Soviet state in 1932–1933 …

    Legislative Assembly Act

    from 29.10.2019 year
  • The Autonomous Community of Valencia (Spain)

    4 December 2019

    Resolution of the Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Valencia (Cortes de Valencia) ‘On raising awareness of and condemning the major crimes of the 20th century, such as the Holodomor of 1932–1933’ (4 December 2019).
    …the strongest possible condemnation of the inhuman and genocidal acts carried out by Stalin’s totalitarian regime.

    Parliamentary resolution

    from 04.12.2019 year

2021 year

  • Ronkador (Brazil)

    17 December 2021

    Statement by the City Council

    dated 17 December 2021

2022 year

  • The Province of Nova Scotia (Canada)

    8 April 2022

    ‘…Given that the term “Holodomor” emphasises the deliberate aspects of the Ukrainian famine, including the Soviet regime’s refusal to accept external aid, the confiscation of food supplies and restrictions on the population’s movement; (…) to join other provinces in recognising the Ukrainian famine as genocide.”

    Bill No. 94 of the Provincial Legislature

    from 08.04.2022 year

2023 year

  • Prince Edward Island (Canada)

    1 November 2023

Useful links

Take a look at the primary sources that form the basis
for the legal assessment of the Holodomor.

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